Can the right diet get rid of acne?
A low-glycemic diet may lead to fewer pimples
If you’re like most Americans, you consume plenty of high-glycemic foods and beverages. These foods and beverages raise your blood sugar quickly. Examples include white bread, corn flakes, puffed rice, potato chips, white potatoes or fries, doughnuts or other pastries, sugary drinks such as milkshakes, and white rice.
Findings from small studies suggest that following a low-glycemic diet may reduce the amount of acne you have. Low-glycemic foods include most fresh vegetables, some fresh fruits, beans, and steel-cut oats.
Here’s what researchers have found may happen when people with acne switch to a low-glycemic diet.
USA: 2,258 patients were placed on a low-glycemic diet so that they could lose weight. This diet also reduced their acne, with 87% of patients saying they had less acne, and 91% saying they needed less acne medication.1
Australia: 43 males with acne (aged 15 to 25 years of age) ate either their normal diet or switched to a low-glycemic diet for 12 weeks. At the end of 12 weeks, those who followed the low-glycemic diet had significantly less acne than those who ate their normal diet.2
Korea: 32 patients with acne (aged 20 to 27 years old) ate either their normal diet or a low-glycemic diet for 10 weeks. Those following the low-glycemic diet had significantly less acne at the end of 10 weeks than the patients who ate their normal diet.3
Turkey: 86 patients (50 with acne) kept food logs for 7 days. Those with the most severe acne consumed a high-glycemic diet.4
Scientists believe that following a low-glycemic diet may reduce acne because this diet eliminates spikes in your blood sugar. When your blood sugar spikes, it causes inflammation throughout your body. These spikes also cause your body to make more sebum, an oily substance in your skin. Both inflammation and excess sebum can lead to acne.
While these findings show that following a low-glycemic diet can lead to fewer breakouts, other studies have not found a connection between a high-glycemic diet and acne. More research is needed to know for sure.
Cow's milk may lead to acne breakouts
While cow's milk (but not milkshakes) is a low-glycemic beverage, some studies suggest that drinking this type of milk may be linked to an increase in acne breakouts. In these studies, all types of cow's milk (whole, low-fat, and skim) have been linked to acne. Here’s what the researchers discovered.
Milk and acne
In one study, women who drank 2 or more glasses of skim milk per day were 44% more likely to have acne than the other women in this study.
USA: 47,355 adult women were asked to recall what they ate during their high school years. Only cow's milk was found to be linked to acne. Women who drank 2 or more glasses of skim milk a day were 44% more likely to have acne than others.5
USA: 6,094 girls, aged 9 to 15 years old, completed 2 lengthy questionnaires (given at least 1 year apart) about their diet. The girls who drank the most cow's milk (whole, low-fat, or skim) were more likely to have acne.6
USA: 4,273 boys, aged 9 to 15 years old, completed 2 lengthy questionnaires (given at least 1 year apart) about their diet. The boys who drank skim milk were more likely to have acne.7
Italy: 205 patients, aged 10 to 24 years old, who were seeing a dermatologist for moderate to severe acne, and 358 patients in the same age range who were seeing a dermatologist for another skin condition (and had little or no acne) were asked what they ate. The patients with acne drank significantly more cow's milk than the patients who did not have acne. There were no other differences in diet between the 2 groups of patients.8
Malaysia: 88 patients, aged 18 to 30 years old, were asked to complete a food diary for 3 days. Half (44) of the patients had acne, and half (44) did not have acne. The patients who had acne consumed more cow's milk and high-glycemic foods than did the patients without acne.9
Why cow's milk may increase or worsen acne is still a bit of a mystery. One theory is that some of the hormones in milk cause inflammation inside the body. Inflammation can clog your pores, leading to acne. However, more research is needed to know for sure.
No evidence yogurt or cheese can increase acne breakouts
While cow's milk may increase the risk of developing acne, no studies have found that products made from milk, such as yogurt or cheese, lead to more breakouts.
What these research findings mean for you
While more research is needed to know whether certain foods can worsen acne, there is something that you can do right now if you think your diet affects your acne.
Dermatologists recommend that you pay attention to your breakouts, and ask yourself these questions:
Does any food or beverage seem to trigger a breakout or worsen your existing acne?
If something seems to trigger a breakout, what happens when you don’t have that food or beverage for a day, a week, or a month?
Effective acne treatment includes skin care and medication
While diet may play a role in causing your breakouts or worsening your acne, keeping your skin clear requires more than a diet change. Using acne friendly skin care and acne medication helps to prevent new breakouts.
1 Rouhani P, Berman B, et al. “Poster 706: Acne improves with a popular, low glycemic diet from South Beach.” J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009;60(3, suppl 1):AB14.
2 Smith RN, Mann NJ, et al. “The effect of a high-protein, low glycemic–load diet versus a conventional, high glycemic–load diet on biochemical parameters associated with acne vulgaris: A randomized, investigator-masked, controlled trial.” J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007;57(2):247-56.
3 Kwon HH, Yoon JY, et al. “Clinical and histological effect of a low glycaemic load diet in treatment of acne vulgaris in Korean patients: a randomized, controlled trial.” Acta Derm Venereol. 2012;92(3):241-6.
4 Cerman AA, Aktaş E, et al. “Dietary glycemic factors, insulin resistance, and adiponectin levels in acne vulgaris.” J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016;75(1):155-62.
5 Adebamowo CA, Spiegelman D, et al. “High school dietary dairy intake and teenage acne.” J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;52(2):207-14.
6 Adebamowo CA, Spiegelman D, et al. “Milk consumption and acne in adolescent girls.” Dermatol Online J. 2006;12(4):1.
7 Adebamowo CA, Spiegelman D, et al. “Milk consumption and acne in teenaged boys.” J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;58(5):787-93.
8 Di Landro A, Cazzaniga S, et al. “Family history, body mass index, selected dietary factors, menstrual history, and risk of moderate to severe acne in adolescents and young adults.” J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012 ;67(6):1129-35.
9 Ismail NH, Manaf ZA, et al. “High glycemic load diet, milk and ice cream consumption are related to acne vulgaris in Malaysian young adults: a case control study.” BMC Dermatol. 2012;12:13.
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References
Adebamowo CA, Spiegelman D, et al. “High school dietary dairy intake and teenage acne.” J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;52(2):207-14.
Adebamowo CA, Spiegelman D, et al. “Milk consumption and acne in adolescent girls.” Dermatol Online J. 2006;12(4):1.
Adebamowo CA, Spiegelman D, et al. “Milk consumption and acne in teenaged boys.” J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;58(5):787-93.
American Academy of Dermatology. “Growing evidence suggests possible link between diet and acne.” News release issued February 2013.
Cerman AA, Aktaş E, et al. “Dietary glycemic factors, insulin resistance, and adiponectin levels in acne vulgaris.” J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016;75(1):155-62.
Ismail NH, Manaf ZA, et al. “High glycemic load diet, milk and ice cream consumption are related to acne vulgaris in Malaysian young adults: a case control study.” BMC Dermatol. 2012;12:13.
Khanna R, Shifrin N, et al. “Diet and Dermatology: Google Search Results for Acne, Psoriasis, and Eczema.” Cutis. 2018 July;102(1):44-8.
Kwon HH, Yoon JY, et al. “Clinical and histological effect of a low glycaemic load diet in treatment of acne vulgaris in Korean patients: a randomized, controlled trial.” Acta Derm Venereol. 2012;92(3):241-6.
Rouhani P, Berman B, et al. “Poster 706: Acne improves with a popular, low glycemic diet from South Beach.” J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009;60(3, suppl 1):AB14.
Smith RN, Mann NJ, et al. “The effect of a high-protein, low glycemic–load diet versus a conventional, high glycemic–load diet on biochemical parameters associated with acne vulgaris: A randomized, investigator-masked, controlled trial.” J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007;57(2):247-56.
Zaenglein AL, Pathy AL, et al. “Guidelines of care for the management of acne vulgaris.” J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016;74:945-73.